Редактирование: Richard Stallman, Free software: ethics and practice
Материал из eSyr's wiki.
Внимание: Вы не представились системе. Ваш IP-адрес будет записан в историю изменений этой страницы.
ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: Длина этой страницы составляет 66 килобайт. Страницы, размер которых приближается к 32 КБ или превышает это значение, могут неверно отображаться в некоторых браузерах. Пожалуйста, рассмотрите вариант разбиения страницы на меньшие части.
Правка может быть отменена. Пожалуйста, просмотрите сравнение версий, чтобы убедиться, что это именно те изменения, которые вас интересуют, и нажмите «Записать страницу», чтобы изменения вступили в силу.
Текущая версия | Ваш текст | ||
Строка 1: | Строка 1: | ||
[[Изображение:RMS.jpg|thumb|240px|Ричард Мэттью Столлман]] | [[Изображение:RMS.jpg|thumb|240px|Ричард Мэттью Столлман]] | ||
- | |||
- | Лекция прошла в 16:20 3 марта 2008 года в аудитории П-14 2-го учебного корпуса МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова. | ||
- | |||
== Диктофонные записи == | == Диктофонные записи == | ||
- | * [http://esyr.org/lections/audio/stallman/stallman_lection.ogg Лекция] | + | * [http://esyr.org/lections/audio/stallman/stallman_lection.ogg Лекция на ВМиК] |
- | * [http://esyr.org/lections/audio/stallman/stallman_q_n_a.ogg Вопросы и ответы] | + | * [http://esyr.org/lections/audio/stallman/stallman_q_n_a.ogg Вопросы и ответы на ВМиК] |
- | * [http:// | + | * [http://esyr.org/lections/audio/stallman/stallman_IFRAS.ogg Лекция в институте философии РАН] |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
== Фотографии == | == Фотографии == | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Изображение:RMS_1.jpg | Изображение:RMS_1.jpg | ||
- | Изображение:RMS_2.jpg | + | Изображение:RMS_2.jpg |
Изображение:RMS_3.jpg | Изображение:RMS_3.jpg | ||
- | Изображение:RMS_4.jpg | + | Изображение:RMS_4.jpg |
- | Изображение:RMS_5.jpg | + | Изображение:RMS_5.jpg |
Изображение:RMS_6.jpg | Изображение:RMS_6.jpg | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
- | == Расшифровка лекции == | + | == Расшифровка лекции на ВМиК == |
+ | |||
+ | (расшифровка взята с [http://rms-moscow-2008.narod.ru/], счетчик времени по записи [http://sbos.in/RMS_Lection.ogg]. Надо бы все это нормализовать --[[Участник:PavelSutyrin|PavelSutyrin]] 10:41, 20 июня 2008 (UTC)) | ||
- | + | {06:33} | |
- | + | ||
- | + | Richard M. Stallman (RMS): | |
(For who wants to make recordings, I want you to promise that if | (For who wants to make recordings, I want you to promise that if | ||
you publish the recording [laughter], do it in OGG Vorbis format | you publish the recording [laughter], do it in OGG Vorbis format | ||
only. [someone: "Yes!", applause] and under the CC-noderivs license | only. [someone: "Yes!", applause] and under the CC-noderivs license | ||
- | [laughter], that's the only license, because this is opinion, this | + | [laughter], that's the only license, because this is opinion /?/, this |
- | is not technical education, this is political views, so I'd like | + | is not technical education /?/, this is political views, so I'd like |
you to release it under the CC-noderivs license only, and only in OGG | you to release it under the CC-noderivs license only, and only in OGG | ||
Vorbis format, because I want everybody to install an OGG player and I | Vorbis format, because I want everybody to install an OGG player and I | ||
have to do my little bit to help promote that. | have to do my little bit to help promote that. | ||
- | f | ||
- | {00:03:44} | ||
- | + | {08:09} | |
- | + | So, should I just start? No interruption. [many voices: "Yes!"] Okay.) | |
- | + | {08:18} | |
Most of society teaches you that when you judge a program, you should | Most of society teaches you that when you judge a program, you should | ||
judge it solely in superficial practical terms. How powerful is it? | judge it solely in superficial practical terms. How powerful is it? | ||
- | How convenient? How reliable? What | + | How convenient? How reliable? What is it cost? All superficial practial. |
They don't suggest, they don't teach you to ask yourself the really | They don't suggest, they don't teach you to ask yourself the really | ||
important questions. Does this program respect my freedom? Does this | important questions. Does this program respect my freedom? Does this | ||
Строка 57: | Строка 50: | ||
Proprietary software, which is non-free software, keeps the users divided | Proprietary software, which is non-free software, keeps the users divided | ||
- | and helpless. Divided because they are forbidden to share with anybody | + | and helpless. Divided, because they are forbidden to share with anybody |
- | else, and helpless because they don't have the source code, so they can't | + | else, and helpless, because they don't have the source code, so they can't |
change anything, they can't even verify independently, what the program | change anything, they can't even verify independently, what the program | ||
is actually doing to them, and many of those programs do nasty things | is actually doing to them, and many of those programs do nasty things | ||
to their users. | to their users. | ||
- | { | + | {10:05} |
But, if all I say is "I'm in favor of freedom", I have not really tackled | But, if all I say is "I'm in favor of freedom", I have not really tackled | ||
Строка 71: | Строка 64: | ||
freedoms are the freedoms everybody should have? | freedoms are the freedoms everybody should have? | ||
- | + | They are four. I should say more. | |
A program is free software if it gives the user the four essential | A program is free software if it gives the user the four essential | ||
Строка 87: | Строка 80: | ||
program is an ethical system. | program is an ethical system. | ||
- | + | But if one of these freedoms is missing of insufficient, then the program | |
- | + | ||
- | But if one of these freedoms is missing | + | |
is proprietary software, non-free software, user-subjugating software, | is proprietary software, non-free software, user-subjugating software, | ||
because the social system of it's distribution and use is unethical. So, | because the social system of it's distribution and use is unethical. So, | ||
Строка 100: | Строка 91: | ||
it's still pretty hot in here. If there is no way to get... ah, good, | it's still pretty hot in here. If there is no way to get... ah, good, | ||
at least some air is coming in, thank you) [light laughter] | at least some air is coming in, thank you) [light laughter] | ||
- | |||
- | {00:08:28} | ||
But why these four freedoms are essential, why define free software | But why these four freedoms are essential, why define free software | ||
this way? | this way? | ||
+ | |||
+ | {13:05} | ||
([someone's cell phone is ringing quite loudly] | ([someone's cell phone is ringing quite loudly] | ||
Строка 117: | Строка 108: | ||
device, I expect recordings will be posted, they can listen to those, | device, I expect recordings will be posted, they can listen to those, | ||
and even welcome to come and attend, so there is absolutely no reason why | and even welcome to come and attend, so there is absolutely no reason why | ||
- | your portable tracking and surveillance device has to be on.) | + | your portable tracking and surveillance device has to be on.) And so, |
- | + | why define free software this way? What makes these four freedoms the | |
- | + | essential ones? Each freedom has a reason. | |
- | + | ||
- | And so, why define free software this way? What makes these | + | |
- | four freedoms the essential ones? Each freedom has a reason. | + | |
Freedom 2, the freedom to help you neighbor, the freedom to distribute | Freedom 2, the freedom to help you neighbor, the freedom to distribute | ||
Строка 136: | Строка 124: | ||
give your friend a copy [laughter] and violate the license of the program. | give your friend a copy [laughter] and violate the license of the program. | ||
- | + | However, why is this the lesser evil? Well, if you can't help doing wrong | |
- | + | ||
- | However | + | |
to somebody or other, better you should do it to somebody who deserves | to somebody or other, better you should do it to somebody who deserves | ||
- | it. [laughter] Now, we can assume that your friend is a good friend | + | it. [laughter] Now, we can assume that your friend is a good friend and |
- | + | a good member your community and normally deserves your cooperation, | |
- | because that way he might learn. But in any case, the case | + | because you might want cooperate even with somebody who is not helpful, |
- | case. We | + | because that way he might learn. But in any case, the case words /?/ |
+ | of good friend, a good member of your community is the sharpest moral | ||
+ | case /?/. We can thrust /?/ with him the developer of the proprietary | ||
program, who has deliberately attacked the social solidarity of your | program, who has deliberately attacked the social solidarity of your | ||
- | community. If you can't help doing wrong to one or the other, then | + | community. If you can't help doing wrong to the one or the other, then |
- | you should do it to him, | + | you should do it to him, to developer. |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
However, being the lesser evil, doesn't mean it's good. It's never a | However, being the lesser evil, doesn't mean it's good. It's never a | ||
- | good thing | + | good thing. So making agreement and then break it. Now there are some |
agreements that are evil in themselves, and keeping them is even worse | agreements that are evil in themselves, and keeping them is even worse | ||
- | + | then breaking them. This is an example. But still, making an agreement | |
and breaking it is not good. | and breaking it is not good. | ||
- | And if you give your friend a copy, what | + | And if you give your friend a copy, what would your friend have? Your |
friend will have an unauthorized copy of a proprietary program and | friend will have an unauthorized copy of a proprietary program and | ||
that's a pretty bad thing, almost as bad as an authorized copy would | that's a pretty bad thing, almost as bad as an authorized copy would | ||
be. [chuckling] | be. [chuckling] | ||
- | { | + | {17:26} |
So, what you should really do once you have fully understood this issue, | So, what you should really do once you have fully understood this issue, | ||
Строка 174: | Строка 160: | ||
of my community, it would be wrong. It would be wrong for me to accept | of my community, it would be wrong. It would be wrong for me to accept | ||
those terms to be a user of the program. | those terms to be a user of the program. | ||
- | |||
- | {00:14:10} | ||
And thus when people speak of unauthorized copying as "piracy", that is | And thus when people speak of unauthorized copying as "piracy", that is | ||
Строка 186: | Строка 170: | ||
copying", which is a neutral term, or call it "forbidden cooperation" | copying", which is a neutral term, or call it "forbidden cooperation" | ||
[chuckling], which takes the other side. | [chuckling], which takes the other side. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {19:47} | ||
So that's the reason for freedom 2, the freedom to help your neighbor, | So that's the reason for freedom 2, the freedom to help your neighbor, | ||
the freedom to distribute exact copies when you wish. | the freedom to distribute exact copies when you wish. | ||
- | |||
- | {00:15:24} | ||
Freedom 0 is essential for a different reason, so you can control your | Freedom 0 is essential for a different reason, so you can control your | ||
Строка 207: | Строка 191: | ||
license of the program, he exercises the power through the code of the | license of the program, he exercises the power through the code of the | ||
program, but it's still power, it's still control over you. | program, but it's still power, it's still control over you. | ||
- | |||
- | {00:16:44} | ||
So, it order to control your computing you need freedom 1, which is the | So, it order to control your computing you need freedom 1, which is the | ||
Строка 219: | Строка 201: | ||
have heard of, is called Microsoft Windows. [laughter, applause] | have heard of, is called Microsoft Windows. [laughter, applause] | ||
- | { | + | {22:13} |
When the user of Windows, and I wouldn't say "you", because I'm sure | When the user of Windows, and I wouldn't say "you", because I'm sure | ||
Строка 234: | Строка 216: | ||
spies on the user. In fact, it does photo surveillance, it reports every | spies on the user. In fact, it does photo surveillance, it reports every | ||
single user looks at. | single user looks at. | ||
- | |||
- | {00:18:58} | ||
(Just a second, since there is a camera here, I might as well, move these | (Just a second, since there is a camera here, I might as well, move these | ||
Строка 242: | Строка 222: | ||
me. [laughter]) | me. [laughter]) | ||
- | { | + | {24:17} |
But you shouldn't think that Microsoft is uniquely evil and that only | But you shouldn't think that Microsoft is uniquely evil and that only | ||
Строка 254: | Строка 234: | ||
copy part of this file, even though it's in your computer", "I'm not gonna | copy part of this file, even though it's in your computer", "I'm not gonna | ||
print this file for you, because I don't like you". [laughter, applause] | print this file for you, because I don't like you". [laughter, applause] | ||
- | |||
- | {00:20:50} | ||
Those programs really don't like you. [laughter] They're not designed to | Those programs really don't like you. [laughter] They're not designed to | ||
Строка 275: | Строка 253: | ||
(Just a second) | (Just a second) | ||
- | { | + | {27:05} |
Because this is such a threat, we have started a campaign of protest | Because this is such a threat, we have started a campaign of protest | ||
Строка 284: | Строка 262: | ||
in, it's okay. [laughter] Otherwise, it's an attack on your freedom and | in, it's okay. [laughter] Otherwise, it's an attack on your freedom and | ||
it's dangerous, so reject it, and teach other people to reject it too. | it's dangerous, so reject it, and teach other people to reject it too. | ||
- | |||
- | {00:23:24} | ||
Windows Vista [laughter] is a tremendous advance in restricting the user. | Windows Vista [laughter] is a tremendous advance in restricting the user. | ||
Строка 300: | Строка 276: | ||
need to do is "defenestrate" it, which means either throw Windows out | need to do is "defenestrate" it, which means either throw Windows out | ||
of the computer, or throw the computer out of window. [laughter, applause] | of the computer, or throw the computer out of window. [laughter, applause] | ||
- | |||
- | {00:24:53} | ||
But those Windows users who are not ready to make their escape to | But those Windows users who are not ready to make their escape to | ||
Строка 310: | Строка 284: | ||
attacking user: back-doors. | attacking user: back-doors. | ||
- | { | + | {30:05} |
One proprietary program that has backdoor, that you may heard of, is | One proprietary program that has backdoor, that you may heard of, is | ||
Строка 318: | Строка 292: | ||
user an upgrade designed specifically for him, which means, Microsoft | user an upgrade designed specifically for him, which means, Microsoft | ||
can take control of his computer and to do him whatever it wants. That | can take control of his computer and to do him whatever it wants. That | ||
- | user is | + | user is apt /?/ Microsoft's mercy. That's the back door we know about, |
but is there another? | but is there another? | ||
Строка 333: | Строка 307: | ||
doesn't give you freedom number 1. You don't know, what's in there. | doesn't give you freedom number 1. You don't know, what's in there. | ||
- | { | + | {32:07} |
But, in fact, Windows Vista makes in even worse, because with Vista | But, in fact, Windows Vista makes in even worse, because with Vista | ||
Строка 359: | Строка 333: | ||
any of the ones that don't. But I'm sure there are some. | any of the ones that don't. But I'm sure there are some. | ||
- | { | + | {34:33} |
So what can we say about them without knowing the identity of any | So what can we say about them without knowing the identity of any | ||
Строка 384: | Строка 358: | ||
versions when you wish, the freedom to contribute to your community. This | versions when you wish, the freedom to contribute to your community. This | ||
allows us to work together. | allows us to work together. | ||
- | |||
- | {00:32:12} | ||
For instance, suppose one person takes a free program, and makes a change, | For instance, suppose one person takes a free program, and makes a change, | ||
and releases her modified version. And somebody else takes that and makes | and releases her modified version. And somebody else takes that and makes | ||
- | another change that goes further in | + | another change that goes further in apt /?/ direction, and releases his |
modified version, and someone else starts with that and makes another | modified version, and someone else starts with that and makes another | ||
change, and releases his modified version. Afterwards we will say: | change, and releases his modified version. Afterwards we will say: | ||
Строка 396: | Строка 368: | ||
one might have no plans beyond the feature that she personally made, | one might have no plans beyond the feature that she personally made, | ||
but nonetheless, because the program is free, they were able to cooperate. | but nonetheless, because the program is free, they were able to cooperate. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {37:37} | ||
And thus all the users get the benefit of the four freedoms. Every user | And thus all the users get the benefit of the four freedoms. Every user | ||
Строка 415: | Строка 389: | ||
and together what they give us is democracy. | and together what they give us is democracy. | ||
- | { | + | {39:18} |
You see, a free program develops democratically under the control if its | You see, a free program develops democratically under the control if its | ||
Строка 441: | Строка 415: | ||
that's what we get. | that's what we get. | ||
- | { | + | {41:37} |
By contrast, the proprietary program develops under the dictatorship of | By contrast, the proprietary program develops under the dictatorship of | ||
Строка 457: | Строка 431: | ||
perspective, so I will talk about that to some extent. | perspective, so I will talk about that to some extent. | ||
- | + | How this free software affect business. Well, lots of businesses use | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | How | + | |
computers, only a tiny fraction of them are in the business of developing | computers, only a tiny fraction of them are in the business of developing | ||
software. So the result is, in general, free software is very good for | software. So the result is, in general, free software is very good for | ||
businesses, because businesses appreciate the four freedoms, just as | businesses, because businesses appreciate the four freedoms, just as | ||
- | individuals do in their | + | individuals do in their regire /?/ time. And businesses using software |
should have these four freedoms, just as other users should. And in | should have these four freedoms, just as other users should. And in | ||
particular, businesses can take advantage greatly. | particular, businesses can take advantage greatly. | ||
- | |||
- | {00:39:01} | ||
([the camera operator turned away from RMS and now shooting the | ([the camera operator turned away from RMS and now shooting the | ||
listeners] By the way, when it's pointed away, is the microphone going to | listeners] By the way, when it's pointed away, is the microphone going to | ||
- | pick up my speech? [growing laughter] Can you | + | pick up my speech? [growing laughter] Can you de..(indistinguishable)... |
- | the microphone... [ | + | the microphone... [speech is apparently interrupted] |
If you could point the microphone this way and camera | If you could point the microphone this way and camera | ||
- | that way you can get the shot you want. [laughter] Okay, well.. fine. | + | that way you can get the shot you want. [laughter, in which operator's |
- | [laughter]) | + | response is indistinguishable] Okay, well.. fine. [laughter]) |
- | { | + | {44:23} |
So, businesses can take advantage of the four freedoms to get the features | So, businesses can take advantage of the four freedoms to get the features | ||
Строка 503: | Строка 471: | ||
it's because it's going to make a big improvement for them, and it's | it's because it's going to make a big improvement for them, and it's | ||
going to be worth that 100 dollars and they won't hesitate. | going to be worth that 100 dollars and they won't hesitate. | ||
- | |||
- | {00:41:45} | ||
But how this organization get it done? The organization has to find | But how this organization get it done? The organization has to find | ||
Строка 521: | Строка 487: | ||
developer, please make this change for me!" [laughter, applause] | developer, please make this change for me!" [laughter, applause] | ||
- | { | + | {47:39} |
- | Sometimes the developer says: " | + | Sometimes the developer says: "Heyyas /?/, I won't listen to your |
problem". [laughter] If the user pays, the developer says: "Thank you | problem". [laughter] If the user pays, the developer says: "Thank you | ||
very much. [laughter] In six months there will be an upgrade, buy the | very much. [laughter] In six months there will be an upgrade, buy the | ||
upgrade and you will see if we have fixed your problem, and you will | upgrade and you will see if we have fixed your problem, and you will | ||
- | see what new problems we have | + | see what new problems we have installed /?/ free /?/ [laughter] |
But with free software anyone that has a copy, can read the source | But with free software anyone that has a copy, can read the source | ||
Строка 536: | Строка 502: | ||
rationally speaking, they should insist on using free software so they | rationally speaking, they should insist on using free software so they | ||
can get their support through the free market instead of a monopoly. | can get their support through the free market instead of a monopoly. | ||
- | |||
- | {00:44:12} | ||
Isn't it ironic, that the proprietary software developers call us | Isn't it ironic, that the proprietary software developers call us | ||
Строка 556: | Строка 520: | ||
are stuck with it just the same. So, which one is a Soviet-style system? | are stuck with it just the same. So, which one is a Soviet-style system? | ||
- | { | + | {50:51} |
And this leads to another paradox. Usually when there is a choice of | And this leads to another paradox. Usually when there is a choice of | ||
Строка 572: | Строка 536: | ||
new continent in cyberspace that we have built so we can live here | new continent in cyberspace that we have built so we can live here | ||
in freedom. It's impossible to live in freedom in the all world of | in freedom. It's impossible to live in freedom in the all world of | ||
- | cyberspace, where every program has its | + | cyberspace, where every program has its futal lord that bleeds and |
mistreats the users. So, to live in freedom we have to build a new | mistreats the users. So, to live in freedom we have to build a new | ||
continent. Because this is a virtual continent, it has room for everyone, | continent. Because this is a virtual continent, it has room for everyone, | ||
Строка 580: | Строка 544: | ||
world, live with us in freedom. The free software movement aims for the | world, live with us in freedom. The free software movement aims for the | ||
liberation of cyberspace and everyone in it. | liberation of cyberspace and everyone in it. | ||
- | |||
- | === A brief history of the free software movement and the GNU project === | ||
- | |||
- | {00:48:22} | ||
I reached these ideas, not in their current form, of course, in their | I reached these ideas, not in their current form, of course, in their | ||
Строка 591: | Строка 551: | ||
system, and an 1983 all the operating systems for modern computers were | system, and an 1983 all the operating systems for modern computers were | ||
proprietary, so there was no way to buy a modern computer and run it | proprietary, so there was no way to buy a modern computer and run it | ||
- | and have freedom. How could I change that? I was one man, | + | and have freedom. How could I change that? I was one man, no particular |
- | famous, with no political experience | + | famous, with no political experience and skill. So I didn't think I would |
get very far just starting an ordinary political movement, trying to | get very far just starting an ordinary political movement, trying to | ||
campaign to convince governments to change their laws, or even convince | campaign to convince governments to change their laws, or even convince | ||
Строка 598: | Строка 558: | ||
but things have changed quite a bit since 1983. | but things have changed quite a bit since 1983. | ||
- | { | + | {54:20} |
So I didn't think of doing it that way, but I saw another approach to | So I didn't think of doing it that way, but I saw another approach to | ||
Строка 610: | Строка 570: | ||
people didn't recognize as a problem. I had the skills necessary to try | people didn't recognize as a problem. I had the skills necessary to try | ||
to eliminate that problem and chances are, it seemed, nobody would do | to eliminate that problem and chances are, it seemed, nobody would do | ||
- | it if I did not. That meant that I | + | it if I did not. That meant that I have been elected by circumstances |
to do this job. It was my duty. | to do this job. It was my duty. | ||
- | + | It is if you see somebody drowning, and you know how to swim, and | |
- | + | ||
- | It | + | |
there is no one else around, and it's not Bush [laughter] or any other | there is no one else around, and it's not Bush [laughter] or any other | ||
government leader that suppresses the opposition and does other bad things | government leader that suppresses the opposition and does other bad things | ||
Строка 624: | Строка 582: | ||
die trying. [laughter, applause] | die trying. [laughter, applause] | ||
- | { | + | {56:51} |
- | Of | + | Of all days, that is. Because, at the time, the free software movement |
did not have active enemies. Lots of people said it was silly and then | did not have active enemies. Lots of people said it was silly and then | ||
they paid no further attention. So the obstacle to success was not | they paid no further attention. So the obstacle to success was not | ||
Строка 634: | Строка 592: | ||
to have an entire free operating system. And 20 years ago nobody knew, | to have an entire free operating system. And 20 years ago nobody knew, | ||
not even I, if we would ever achieve that goal. It was plausible that | not even I, if we would ever achieve that goal. It was plausible that | ||
- | I might die of | + | I might die of all days first. But when it's a matter of fighting for |
freedom, you can't afford to wait until victory is within reach before | freedom, you can't afford to wait until victory is within reach before | ||
you start, because that means you missed most of the opportunities, | you start, because that means you missed most of the opportunities, | ||
Строка 640: | Строка 598: | ||
still have no idea if you are going to win, and then maybe you win. | still have no idea if you are going to win, and then maybe you win. | ||
- | { | + | {58:28} |
So the next thing I decided was to ask other people to join in and | So the next thing I decided was to ask other people to join in and | ||
Строка 663: | Строка 621: | ||
compatibly. So the only thing I needed to start a project was a name. | compatibly. So the only thing I needed to start a project was a name. | ||
- | { | + | {1:00:23} |
Of course, I looked for a funny name, because in the 1970's I was part | Of course, I looked for a funny name, because in the 1970's I was part | ||
Строка 680: | Строка 638: | ||
start using it, there will be any users to laugh at the name. | start using it, there will be any users to laugh at the name. | ||
- | { | + | {1:01:56} |
Now, back in the seventies, system level programming was generally | Now, back in the seventies, system level programming was generally | ||
Строка 704: | Строка 662: | ||
"Something's Not UNIX", blank-NU. So I've tried every initial: ANU, BNU, | "Something's Not UNIX", blank-NU. So I've tried every initial: ANU, BNU, | ||
CNU, [laughter] DNU, ENU, FNU.. GNU! [laughter] Well, "gnu" is the most | CNU, [laughter] DNU, ENU, FNU.. GNU! [laughter] Well, "gnu" is the most | ||
- | humour | + | humour charged word in the English language used in countless word-plays. |
So, of course I couldn't resist. [light laughter] | So, of course I couldn't resist. [light laughter] | ||
- | { | + | {1:04:32} |
But why is the word gnu so humour charged? It's because according to | But why is the word gnu so humour charged? It's because according to | ||
Строка 724: | Строка 682: | ||
loud applause] | loud applause] | ||
- | + | {1:06:05} | |
- | + | ||
- | { | + | |
But how that such a bizarre mistake get started, how did it happen that | But how that such a bizarre mistake get started, how did it happen that | ||
Строка 750: | Строка 706: | ||
very little progress is being made. | very little progress is being made. | ||
- | { | + | {1:07:55} |
That's a disappointment, but it's not a disaster, because in 1991 a | That's a disappointment, but it's not a disaster, because in 1991 a | ||
Строка 761: | Строка 717: | ||
Public License, which is the free software license that I have written | Public License, which is the free software license that I have written | ||
to use on most of the programs that we developed for GNU. | to use on most of the programs that we developed for GNU. | ||
- | |||
- | {01:04:09} | ||
What is that mean. First of all, what is the free software license. Well, | What is that mean. First of all, what is the free software license. Well, | ||
Строка 783: | Строка 737: | ||
GNU GPL, and that is it's a copyleft license. | GNU GPL, and that is it's a copyleft license. | ||
- | { | + | {1:10:30} |
Now, every free software license has to give you freedom 2 and freedom 3, | Now, every free software license has to give you freedom 2 and freedom 3, | ||
Строка 808: | Строка 762: | ||
copyleft for various reasons has attracted a lot of developers. | copyleft for various reasons has attracted a lot of developers. | ||
- | { | + | {1:12:48} |
In any case, once Linux was available under the GNU GPL, it was free | In any case, once Linux was available under the GNU GPL, it was free | ||
Строка 831: | Строка 785: | ||
world of which these three things are true. | world of which these three things are true. | ||
- | { | + | {1:14:50} |
They're making some statements that describe the whole system, and | They're making some statements that describe the whole system, and | ||
Строка 855: | Строка 809: | ||
important things. | important things. | ||
- | { | + | {1:16:50} |
You see, the name GNU has always been associated with the ideas of | You see, the name GNU has always been associated with the ideas of | ||
Строка 876: | Строка 830: | ||
you can see, freedom is frequently threatened. | you can see, freedom is frequently threatened. | ||
- | { | + | {1:19:03} |
And so, when people don't defend it, they are likely to lose it. You can | And so, when people don't defend it, they are likely to lose it. You can | ||
Строка 912: | Строка 866: | ||
software, they took for granted that software was proprietary and what | software, they took for granted that software was proprietary and what | ||
could possibly ever be wrong with that? | could possibly ever be wrong with that? | ||
- | |||
- | {01:17:19} | ||
So, there basically has not been in most of society any debate about | So, there basically has not been in most of society any debate about | ||
Строка 942: | Строка 894: | ||
free software, what these freedoms are. | free software, what these freedoms are. | ||
- | { | + | {1:24:52} |
So we need your help to do this most important job. So you can start | So we need your help to do this most important job. So you can start | ||
Строка 980: | Строка 932: | ||
accept non-free programs as part of the GNU/Linux system. | accept non-free programs as part of the GNU/Linux system. | ||
- | + | {1:28:30} | |
- | + | ||
- | { | + | |
And in fact, most of the thousands of distributions of GNU/Linux contain | And in fact, most of the thousands of distributions of GNU/Linux contain | ||
Строка 1005: | Строка 955: | ||
users away from us, we better put in this proprietary program too, | users away from us, we better put in this proprietary program too, | ||
so that the users will come back". | so that the users will come back". | ||
- | |||
- | {01:25:30} | ||
Now, they could have said: "We are very sorry, esteemed user, that such | Now, they could have said: "We are very sorry, esteemed user, that such | ||
Строка 1025: | Строка 973: | ||
"Look what you get in our distribution!" | "Look what you get in our distribution!" | ||
- | { | + | {1:31:43} |
So, by and by, all the distributions had non-free software. People | So, by and by, all the distributions had non-free software. People | ||
Строка 1048: | Строка 996: | ||
these are not the well-known distributions, the well-known distributions | these are not the well-known distributions, the well-known distributions | ||
still include or distribute non-free software, so I can't recommend them. | still include or distribute non-free software, so I can't recommend them. | ||
- | |||
- | {01:29:00} | ||
Thus, after falling into the ditch, we have begun to climb out, but | Thus, after falling into the ditch, we have begun to climb out, but | ||
Строка 1056: | Строка 1002: | ||
is and they don't appreciate it. They are likely to lose it. And today | is and they don't appreciate it. They are likely to lose it. And today | ||
that's even more likely, but now we have something we didn't have twenty | that's even more likely, but now we have something we didn't have twenty | ||
- | years ago. | + | years ago. Powerful enemies, such as big corporations, that want to stop |
+ | us from developing free software for certain jobs. | ||
- | + | {1:34:38} | |
- | Powerful enemies, such as big corporations, that want to stop | ||
- | us from developing free software for certain jobs. | ||
Many countries have laws that restrict the release of free software. The | Many countries have laws that restrict the release of free software. The | ||
US has at least two such laws. One of these laws make it's illegal to | US has at least two such laws. One of these laws make it's illegal to | ||
Строка 1075: | Строка 1020: | ||
"effective technical means", and the court said: that's not effective | "effective technical means", and the court said: that's not effective | ||
anymore, everyone has this program. | anymore, everyone has this program. | ||
- | |||
- | {01:31:05} | ||
Well, that's an interesting way of doing it, but in order to, you know... | Well, that's an interesting way of doing it, but in order to, you know... | ||
Строка 1084: | Строка 1027: | ||
that any form of DRM will be legal to break once enough people have the | that any form of DRM will be legal to break once enough people have the | ||
software to break it, which is the challenge to us. [laughter, applause] | software to break it, which is the challenge to us. [laughter, applause] | ||
+ | |||
+ | {1:36:50} | ||
But in the meantime you simply must refuse to buy products infected | But in the meantime you simply must refuse to buy products infected | ||
Строка 1089: | Строка 1034: | ||
to make copies of it, don't buy it, don't even accept it as a gift, | to make copies of it, don't buy it, don't even accept it as a gift, | ||
because it's an attack on your freedom. | because it's an attack on your freedom. | ||
- | |||
- | {01:32:30} | ||
Well, that's one way of forbidding free software, which only applies to | Well, that's one way of forbidding free software, which only applies to | ||
Строка 1109: | Строка 1052: | ||
of different licenses to sue you have been handed out. | of different licenses to sue you have been handed out. | ||
- | { | + | {1:39:02} |
This is not good for software development of any kind, and that includes | This is not good for software development of any kind, and that includes | ||
Строка 1124: | Строка 1067: | ||
is taking around a bunch of patents and finding others that they can | is taking around a bunch of patents and finding others that they can | ||
sue. All they do is squeeze money out of somebody else. They're parasites. | sue. All they do is squeeze money out of somebody else. They're parasites. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {1:40:40} | ||
So, we now have to face the attempts of these companies to stop us | So, we now have to face the attempts of these companies to stop us | ||
Строка 1134: | Строка 1079: | ||
serving the public? | serving the public? | ||
- | { | + | {1:41:40} |
So I'd like to cover a few specific topics. One is: free software | So I'd like to cover a few specific topics. One is: free software | ||
- | and employment. | + | and employment. Some people predict that if the world moves to free |
- | + | software, all software development employment will go away. Now, this | |
- | + | is just fat/?/. | |
- | + | Look at the IT sector. The IT sector includes many different kinds of | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
jobs, paid programming work is a small fraction of that. We look at paid | jobs, paid programming work is a small fraction of that. We look at paid | ||
programming. Developing a proprietary software is a small fraction of | programming. Developing a proprietary software is a small fraction of | ||
Строка 1154: | Строка 1097: | ||
even in the world where all the software is free, freedom respecting, | even in the world where all the software is free, freedom respecting, | ||
the businesses gonna have to pay. | the businesses gonna have to pay. | ||
- | |||
- | {01:38:10} | ||
([on the wall clock it's now about 17:50, and Ivannikov steps to RMS | ([on the wall clock it's now about 17:50, and Ivannikov steps to RMS | ||
- | and says, looking at his wristwatch: " | + | and says, looking at his wristwatch: "Sorry, (indistinguishable) ..at |
six". Growing laughter.] | six". Growing laughter.] | ||
Строка 1167: | Строка 1108: | ||
didn't give us enough time!) | didn't give us enough time!) | ||
- | [the remainder of the speech is | + | [the remainder of the speech is more rushed] |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
So, basically, these jobs will not be lost, but meanwhile, free software | So, basically, these jobs will not be lost, but meanwhile, free software | ||
Строка 1177: | Строка 1116: | ||
employment is not changed much, there is nothing to be scared of. | employment is not changed much, there is nothing to be scared of. | ||
- | + | {1:44:01} | |
- | + | ||
- | { | + | |
The other specific topic is free software and education. Schools must | The other specific topic is free software and education. Schools must | ||
Строка 1204: | Строка 1141: | ||
is by teaching people to be free software users. | is by teaching people to be free software users. | ||
- | { | + | {1:46:00} |
But there is a deeper reason, for the sake of educating the best | But there is a deeper reason, for the sake of educating the best | ||
Строка 1231: | Строка 1168: | ||
Today every school can have it. But it has to reject proprietary software. | Today every school can have it. But it has to reject proprietary software. | ||
- | { | + | {1:47:51} |
But there is even deeper reason, which is for moral education. Education | But there is even deeper reason, which is for moral education. Education | ||
Строка 1249: | Строка 1186: | ||
should be able to be the sysadmins, they should be able to be the system | should be able to be the sysadmins, they should be able to be the system | ||
developers, because by doing it you learn how to do it. | developers, because by doing it you learn how to do it. | ||
- | |||
- | {01:44:08} | ||
This university should move completely to free software, there should | This university should move completely to free software, there should | ||
Строка 1262: | Строка 1197: | ||
[applause] | [applause] | ||
- | {1: | + | {1:50:04} |
These say: "GPLv3", and these have the gnu and the penguin, both | These say: "GPLv3", and these have the gnu and the penguin, both | ||
Строка 1269: | Строка 1204: | ||
Take as many stickers as you can use.) | Take as many stickers as you can use.) | ||
- | {1: | + | {1:50:26} |
+ | |||
+ | == Расшифровка лекции в ИФ РАН == | ||
- | + | (в процессе подготовки, скоро выложу сюда и [http://rms-moscow-2008.narod.ru/ сюда] --[[Участник:PavelSutyrin|PavelSutyrin]] 10:42, 20 июня 2008 (UTC)) |